by  Agus Sumantri (Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Sumbawa NTB)

Supervisor :  Prof. Drh. Widya Asmara, SU., Ph.D. and Dr. drh. Widagdo Sri Nugroho, MP

Anthrax has been a problem in Sumbawa District. There has been casualties and economic loss to livestock mortility since the last 7 years (2002 – 2009). This study was to identify the influential factors of Anthrax cases in Sumbawa.

The sample were 67 Anthrax cases and 67 controls ( each consist of, 31 cattle, 25 buffaloes, 3 horses and 8 goats) were taken as samples. The samples were based on the Anthrax incidents in  Sumbawa District during the 2002 -2009 period. read more

by: Loka Setia

Poultry traditional market is one of the source AI viruses (AIV) which is important in the incidence of AI, therefore controlling AI in the poultry market is a priority. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors in the poultry market in Yogyakarta Special Province which is associated with the occurrence of AI. Knowing the risk factors are expected to increase the effectiveness of control AI virus which focused on the source of this disease. Cross-sectional study approach were used in this study by taking oropharing swab samples from 487 birds of 90 traders. Isolation was conducted at Disease Investigation Centre (DIC) Wates Yogyakarta. The results of the questionnaire data were analyzed descriptively. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to study the association between the factors studied and the occurrence of AI whereas odd ratio (OR) test was used to measure the strength of the association with 95% confidence level. From positive results variables that provide highly significant difference (P <0.01) on the occurrence of AI in poultry market were variable origin of the poultry sold in the market with χ2 = 6,95, (OR = 0,07), poultry slaughter special place with χ2 = 6,94. (OR = 4,96), and variable of birds that are not sold with χ2 = 10,85 and OR = 3,32 for the birds that remain in the market and OR = 0,22 for birds that are brought home. Variables that provide significant were variable type of transportation used by the traders with χ2 = 8,44, and OR = 6,33 for bike, OR = 0,16 for motorcycles, and OR = 5,25 for cars; variable market location with χ2 = 4,48, (OR = 3,53); variable location of the poultry sold in the market place with χ2 = 4,05, (OR = 3,79), and variable habit to wash hands after handling poultry with χ2 = 5,4, and (OR = 4.16). Non-significant variable were related to activities of spraying disinfectant on the poultry market, the variables mixing of birds from different species in one basket and the variable related to knowledge about AI by poultry traders. Key words: avian influenza, risk factors, tradisional poultry markets, isolation of virus, traders. Supervisor: Prof. drh. Charles Rangga Tabbu,MSc, Ph.D and drh Heru Sustya MP., Ph.D. read more

By: Dini Wahyu Yudianingtyas (08/ 275699/ PKH/ 0367)

Rabies disease has been spread in East Indonesia. To date only two provinces in East Indonesia are free from rabies disease (Papua Province and West Papua). Rabies conventional diagnostic’s method are applied as a serial using Sellers’s staining Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test. Sellers’s staining has some advantages and can be apllied by B and C type laboratories, particulary at endemic areas.

However, Seller’s staining method has been questioned by international community for its accuracy as a rabies diagnostic tool. Development of molecular based technique still on continuing process using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Aim of this study are to evaluate and describe out agreement value of Sellers staining and RT-PCR compared to FAT and optimation of one-step RT-PCR for rabies detection. Out of 130 rabies samples tested at virology and biotecnology laboratories of Disease Investigation Centre Maros. Results of Kappa showed that agreement of Sellers’s staining to FAT were 0,75–0,80 and agreement value of one-step RT-PCR to FAT were 0,86–0,89 also there was no false negative result found. These results indicated high agreements from both Sellers’s staining and one-step RT-PCR. These findings suggest that both techniques, Sellers’s staining and one-step RT-PCR  could be considered as tools for rabies eradication program. Further studies are required to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the rabies diagnostic tests using the gold standard. read more

Bovine brucellosis is a contagius zoonotic disease caused by Brucella abortus primarily found in cattle.  The disease causes various reproductive disorders resulting in the decrease of production, productivity and reproductivity in cattle.  The district of Belu (DB) is a brucellosis endemic area with the highest prevalence rate in the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT).  The control programs that have been implemented since 1993, i.e. vaccination using strain-19, active surveillance, and test and slaugther approach, did not significantly reduce the prevalence rate.  The objectives of the current cross-sectional study were to reveal the latest brucellosis prevalence rate and to identify risk factors associated with the infection in the DB.  A total of 2000 cattle belonging to 220 farmers was multistage randomly selected and used throughout the study.  Serums from those cattle were subjected to Rose Bengal Test (RBT) reactors of which were Complement Fixation Tested.  Brucellosis in cattle was indicated by the positive reaction on CFT.  The results show that the prevalence rate of brucellosis of among cattle was found to be 14.5%, and the mean of the prevalence rate at farm level was 14.9%.  The unweigthed logistic reggression revealed that, in orderly fashion, longer calving interval (odds ratio, OR=5.07), history of stillbirth (OR=3.29), pregnancy (OR=2.90), infertility (OR=2.48), history of abortion (OR=2.43), loosened in pasture (OR=2.14), lactation (OR=2.04), subdistrict of West Tasifeto (OR=3.12) and subdistrict of Rinhat (OR=0,16), are significantly associated with brucellosis.  Communal pasture, vaccination coverage less than 60%, communal barn, and the existence of CFT reactors are associated with higher prevalence rate at farm level, while herdsize and well water sources with lower prevalence.  Therefore, vaccination program has to be improved especially in the subdistricts of higher prevalence rate. read more